New Ways To Give To Charity While Getting The Best Tax Breaks
With such a high standard deduction, taxpayers may not get additional itemized deductions for charitable donations. However, with a little clever planning in charitable giving, taxpayers can exceed the standard deduction, start itemizing again, and lower their tax bill.
–Debra Taylor, CPA/PFS, JD, CDFA
In 2017, the standard deduction was $6,350 for individuals and $12,700 for married couples. However, as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017, the standard deduction almost doubles for 2018 and years to come. In 2020 it is $12,400 for individuals and $24,800 for married couples. This means that an estimated 90% of households will now be better off taking the standard deduction rather than itemizing deductions.
This very high standard deduction means taxpayers who opt to make charitable contributions may not get the additional itemized deductions that they would have in the past, which is frustrating. However, with a little clever planning around charitable giving, taxpayers can create ways to exceed the standard deduction and start itemizing again, which will enable them to lower their tax bill.
Consider “bunching” deductions
Are you interesting in giving to charity, but concerned about how the new tax plan limits your ability to deduct those contributions? An old method called “lumping” or “bunching” is making a comeback! This method involves “lumping” two years of charitable and other deductions into one single tax year. For example, if you make charitable donations in January and December of the same year, you may be able to itemize those deductions in that year to exceed the increased standard deduction for that year. The next year, take the standard deduction and forgo itemizing.
With this method, a taxpayer would receive a greater tax benefit for the same dollar amount of charitable contributions, just by cleverly timing those contributions. To accomplish this, think of your tax situation over a two year period and time your gifts carefully.
For example, if Bill’s itemized deductions are $14,000 one year, he would be better off itemizing, as his itemized deductions are $1,600 higher than the standard deduction of $12,400. However, by implementing the “bunching” method and combining two years of charitable contributions into one year, he can automatically receive the standard deduction of $12,400 in one year and then he can simply make two years’ worth of charitable deductions the next year, which would further increase his deductions in that second year. As shown in the table below, by implementing the bunching strategy, Bill can increase his total two-year deductions from $28,000 to $32,400.
Donor advised funds gaining popularity
Another approach is to create a donor advised fund (DAF). This will allow you to benefit from the same concept as bunching, just in a different way. With a DAF, taxpayers make multiple years’ worth of gifts in one tax year to the fund, and then disperse their gifts later. DAFs have been around for a while, but with the new increased standard deduction, creating one can be more advantageous than ever.
The major benefit of the DAF is that you are able to donate assets and receive an immediate tax deduction, although the actual funds may not be given to charities until some time in the future—even in a completely different tax year. Separating the timing of when the deduction occurs versus when the charity actually receives the money allows you to fulfill their charitable goals while
maximizing your deductions and saving money overall.
Because there are so many choices, taxpayers need to educate themselves about the DAFs available through their advisor or other custodians. Downsides to DAFs are that the deduction for charitable giving is only received in one year, and there could be additional paperwork and higher fees. Talk to a financial advisor about what is right for you.
Qualified charitable distributions make tons of sense
If you are an IRA owner or beneficiary over age 70½, a qualified charitable distribution (QCD) up to $100,000 could be the answer for charitable giving. To qualify as a QCD, the funds must be transferred directly from the IRA to the charity. When that happens, the QCD satisfies the required minimum distribution (at age 72) but the deduction is not included in taxable income on your tax return. This means that the taxpayer is able to get the benefits that come with making a charitable contribution regardless of whether or not they choose to itemize their deductions. Using a QCD can be particularly beneficial for those who give more and are in a higher tax bracket, and, if a spouse is also eligible to use her IRA, the benefits only increase. This is because, although total annual QCDs from all IRAs cannot exceed $100,000 for an individual, spouses can each make up to $100,000 of QCDs, for a combined total of $200,000!
Although a tax deduction for the contribution is not allowed, the amount transferred from the IRA to the charity is excluded from taxable income and counts toward your required minimum distribution. By excluding the QCD amount from your income, you receive a superior tax benefit than if you had just gotten a deduction as it decreases the income amount, allowing for more AGI-based tax benefits, which resultsin a lower tax. For example, a lower AGI may mean a lower tax bracket, less taxation on
Social Security benefits, no Medicare surcharge, and 0% capital gain tax.
For those who are charitably inclined, the increased standard deduction requires that we consider the numerous ways to
get more bang for your buck when making contributions. Whether it’s through bunching, using a DAF, or making a QCD, clear tax planning can make all the difference in the world now.
Debra Taylor, CPA/PFS, JD, CDFA, writes on tax and retirement planning for Horsesmouth, an independent organization providing unbiased insight into the critical issues facing financial advisors and their clients.
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